SportLogia
Vol. 9, Issue 1, June 2013.
ŽENA I SPORT
Nenad Ponorac1, Stanislav Palija2 i Mira Popović3
1Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
2Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju “Dr Miroslav Zotović”, Banja Luka,
Bosna i Hercegovina
3Zavod za medicinu rada i sporta Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
UVODNIČKI ČLANAK
PREGLEDNI ČLANAK
doi:10.5550/sgia.130901.se.001P
UDC: 793.035-055.2
Sažetak PUNI TEKST(.pdf)
Redovna fizička aktivnost važna je za zdravlje oba pola. Međutim, fiziološke, anatomske, psihološke i socijalno-kulturološke specifičnosti ženskog pola zahtijevaju posebne obzire u svim sferama njihovog bavljenja sportom. Pubertet donosi razlike među polovima koje su posljedica različitog funkcionisanja polne endokrine osovine. Uprkos identičnim mehanizmima adaptacije na fizičku aktivnost polno zrele žene i muškarci imaju nasljeđene anatomske i fiziološke različitosti u tjelesnoj kompoziciji, aerobnom kapacitietu i mišićnoj snazi. Naročito se odnosi na mnogo složeniji ženski reproduktivni sistem. Ženski reproduktivni sistem predstavlja funkcionalni dio ljudskog tijela najosjetljiviji na stres izazvan teškim fizičkim naporom. Najčešći poremećaji čiji rizik se znatno povećava kod fizički aktivnih žena su poremećaj ishrane, narušen menstrualni ciklus, infertilitet, stres frakture, rupture prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta ili čak smrt. Uglavnom su posljedica grubih grešaka i neznanja. Srećom, dobrom prevencijom uglavnom ih je moguće spriječiti.
Ključne riječi: fizički napor, ishrana, menstrualni ciklus, stres fraktire, ženska sportska trijada.
Literatura
Barnekow-Bergkvist, M., Hadberg, G., Pettersson, U., & Lorentzon, R. (2005). Relationships between physical activity and physical capacity in adolescent females and bone mass in adulthood. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 14, 1–9.
Barrack, M. T., Ackerman, K. E., & Gibbs J. C. (2013). Update on the female athlete triad. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 6(2), 195–204. doi: 10.1007/s12178-013-9168-9;
PMid: 23613226
Bjorntorp, P. (1986). Fat cells and obesity. In K. D. Bronwell (Ed.), Handbook of eating disorders (pp. 88–98). New York, NY: Basic Books.
Catherine, M., Gordon, M. D. (2010). Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea. N Engl J Med, 363, 365–371.
Coelho, G. M., de Farias, M. L., de Mendonça, L. M., de Mello, D. B., Lanzillotti, H. S., Ribeiro, B. G., Soares Ede, A. (2013). The prevalence of disordered eating and possible health consequences in adolescent female tennis players from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Appetite, 64, 39–47. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.001; PMid: 23318655
Deimel, J. F., & Dunlap, B. J. (2012). The female athlete triad. Clin Sports Med, 31(2), 247–254.
doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2011.09.007; PMid: 22341014
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM-IV (1994). In: Diagnostic and statisticl manual of mental disorders, DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association (1st ed) Washington D.C.
Drinkwater, B., Loucks, A., Sherman, R. T., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Thompson, R. A. (2005). IOC Medical Comissission Working Group: Position Stand on The Female Athlete Triad. Retrived from httc://www.olympic.ogr.
Ducher, G., Eser, P., Hill, B,. & Bass, S. (2009). History of amenorrhea compromises some of the exercise-induced benefits in cortical and trabecular bone in the peripheral and axial skeleton: a study in retired elite gymnasts. Bone, 45, 760–767. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.06.021; PMid: 19573632
Elford, K. J., & Spence, J. H. (2002). The forgotten female: Pediatric and adolescent gynecological concerns and their reproductive consequences. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 15, 65–77. doi: 10.1016/S1083-3188(01)00146-2
Goldstein, M. A., Dechant, E. J., & Beresin, E. V. (2011). Eating disorders. Pediatr Rev., 32(12), 508–521.
doi: 10.1542/pir.32-12-508; PMid: 22135421
Greydanaus, D., & Patel, D. (2002). The female athlete before and beyond puberty. Pediatr Clin N Am., 49, 553–580. doi: 10.1016/S0031-3955(02)00005-6
Hagen T. (2005). Sports medicine and the adolescent female. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 18, 9–15.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2004.11.005; PMid: 15749579
Ireland, M., & Ott, S. (2004). Special conserns of the female athlete. Clin Sports Med, 23, 281–289.
doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2004.04.003; PMid: 15183572
Jurimae, J., & Jurimae, T. (2008). Bone Metabolism In Young Female. Kinesiology, 1, 39–49.
Kenney, L. W., Wilmore, H. J., & Costil, L. D. (2012). Physical Activity for Health and Fitness. In: Physiology of sport and exercise. 5th ed. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics.
Mitchell, N., & Ennis, L. A. (2007). Encyclopedia of Title IX and Sports. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Myer, G., & Ford, K. (2004). Methodological approach and rationale for training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athlete. Scand J Sci Sports, 14, 275–285. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00410.x; PMid: 15387801
Nativ, A., Loucks, A., Manore, M., Sanborn, C., Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Warren, M. (2007). ACSM Position Stand; The Female Athlete Triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39, 1867–1882. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318149f111; PMid: 17909417
Otis, C. L., Drinkwater, B., Johnson, M., Loucks, A., & Wilmore, J. (1997). American College of Sports Medicine: Position stand; The female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29, 5–16. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199705000-00037
Pfister, G. (2000). Women and the Olympic Games. In B. L. Drinkwater (Ed.), Women in sport. Oxford, GB: Blackwell Science Ltd. doi: 10.1002/9780470757093.ch1
Ponorac, N. (2008). Sport kao rizik za nastanak poremećaja ishrane, menstrualnog ciklusa i metabolizma kosti [Sport as a risk of eating disorders, menstrual cycle and bone metabolism]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Banja Luka, Medical Faculty.
Ponorac, N., Rašeta, N., Radovanović, D., Matavulj, A., Popadić-Gaćeša, J. (2011). Bone metabolism markers in sportswomen with menstrual cycle dysfunctions. J Med Biochem, 30(2), 1–5.
Sabatini, S. (2001). The female athlete triad. Am J Med Sci, 322, 193–195. doi: 10.1097/00000441-200110000-00007; PMid: 11678514
Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Larsen, J. (1993). Pathogenic weight-control methods and self-reported eatig disorders in female elite athletes and controls. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 3, 150–155. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1993.tb00379.x
Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. (2004). Prevalence of eatin disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med, 14, 25–32. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200401000-00005; PMid: 14712163
Thein-Nissenbaum, J. (2013). Long term consequences of the female athlete triad. Maturitas, 75(2), 107–112.
doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.010; PMid: 23541905
Thomson, R., & Sherman, T. (1999). Good Athlete traits and characteristice of anorexia nervosa: Are they similar? Eating Disorders, 7, 181–190. doi: 10.1080/10640269908249284
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Yeager, K., Agostini, A., Nattiv, A., & Drinkwater, B. (1993). The female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25, 775–777. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199307000-00003; PMid:8350697
