SportLogia
Vol. 7, Issue 2, Decembar 2011.
VARIABILITY OF BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS
IN THE TRIPLE JUMP TECHNIQUE – A CASE STUDY
Milan Čoh1 and Otmar Kugovnik
1Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
ORGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER
10.5550/sgia.110702.en.113C
COBISS.BH-ID: 2432024
UDC: 796.4:612.766
Summary
FULL TEXT (.pdf) free of charge
The purpose of the study was to examine consistency and variability of kinematical parameters in the triple jump technique. An analysis has been carried out on the basis of two attempts of a female athlete who is one of the best triple jumpers in the world. The latest biomechanical technology and the methodology of measurements in the triple jump have been used. The Opto-track technology and 3-D kinematical technology were used in order to analyse parameters of the model technique in the triple jump. The study revealed that optimal result in the triple jump can be achieved with different programme motor strategies. It has been revealed that the motor pattern is generated by consistent and variable parameters. The most consistent parameters of motor pattern were: partial distances of individual phases, duration of support phases in take-off actions, take-off angles and vertical amplitude of BCM. Variability of motor pattern has been revealed mostly in the following kinematical parameters: speed in the last 5 metres of run-up, distance and proportion of the last two run-up strides, horizontal velocity of BCM in take-off actions.
Key words: triple jump, kinematic, biomechanical parameters, technique.
References:
Cavagna, G. (1977). Storage and utilization of elastic energy in skeletal muscle. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 5, 89–129.
Conrad, A., & Ritzdorf, W. (1990). Scientific Research Project at the Games of the XXIVth Olympiad – Seoul 1988: final report. International Athletic Foundation, International Amateur Athletic Federation.
Enoka, R. (1998). Neuromechanical Basic of Kinesiology. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics
Enoka, R. (2003). Neuromechanics of human movement. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
Gollhofer, A., & Kyrolainen, H. (1991). Neuromuscular control of the human leg extensor muscles in jump exercises under various stretch-load conditions. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12, 34–40.
Grahman-Smith, P., & Lees, A. (1994). British triple jumpers 1993: approach speeds, phase distances and phase ratios. Athletic Coach, 28, 5–12.
Hay, J. G. (1992) The biomechanics of the triple jump: a reviw. Journal of Sport Science, 10(4), 343–378.
Hay, J. G. (1999). The takeoff in the long jump and other running jumps. In R. H. Sanders and B. J. Gibson (Eds.), 17 International Symposium on Biomechanic in Sports (pp. 3–14). Retrived from http://www.w4ub.uni-konstanz.de/epa/Issue/view/ISBS 1999.
Hay., J. G., & Miller, J. (1985). Techniques used in the triple jump. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 1, 185–196.
Jurgens, A. (1996). Biomechanical investigation of the transition between the hop and step. New Studies in Athletics, 4, 29–39.
Komi, P. (2000). Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal Of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1197–2006.
Komi, P., & Gollhofer (1997). Stretch reflexes can have an important role in force enhancement SSC exercise. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 13, 451–460.
Kyrolainen, H., Komi, P., Virmavirta, M., & Isolehto, J. (2009). Biomechanical Analysis of the Triple Jump. New Studies in Athletics (supplement), 57–64.
Krejer, V. (1993). About the femele triple jump. Modern Athlete and Coach, 31, 13–17.
Latash, M. (1994). Control of Human movement. Human Kinetics. Publishers. Champaign, Illinois
McGinnis, P. (1999). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
Mendoza, L., & Nixdorf, E. (2010). Scientific Research Project Biomechanical Analysis at the Berlin 2009. Retrived from http://www.osp-hessen.de.
Miladinov, O., & Bonov, P. (2004). Individual approach in improving the technique of triple jump for women. New Studies in Athletics, 4,
27–36.
Miller, D. I., & Nelson, R. C. (1973). Biomechanics of sport: A Research Approach. Philadelphia: Lea &Febiger.
Nicol, C., Avela, J., & Komi, P. (2006). The Stretch-Shortening Cycle. Sports Medicine. 36(11),
977–999.
Panoutsakopoulos, & V., Kollias, I. (2008). Essential parameters in female triple jump technique. New Studies in Athletics, 4, 53–61.
Schmidth, R., & Lee, T. (1999). Motor Control and Learning: A behavioral Emphasis. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics
Winter, D. (1990) Biomechanical and motor control of human movement (2nd ed.). Toronto, Canada: John Willey & Sons Inc.
Yu, B., & Hay, G. (1996). Optimum phase ratio in the triple jump. Journal of Biomechanics, 29,
1283–1289.
