SportLogia
Vol. 7, Issue 1, Jun 2011.
GENSKA TERAPIJA I NJENA IMPLIKACIJA U SPORTU
Vitošević Biljana1
1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Leposavić, Srbija
KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK
doi: 10.5550/sgia.110701.se.071V
COBISS.BH-ID: 2099736
UDK: 616-085:575.113]:796
Sažetak PUNI TEKST(.pdf)
Zahvaljujući uspješnom projektu "Genoma čovjeka"(the Human Genome Project) i identifikovanju gena uključenih u genetska oboljenja, ukazale su se mogućnosti za liječenje mnogih bolesti. Ali otkrivanje gena koji kodiraju određene fizičke karakteristike, otvorilo je put manipulacijama u oblasti sporta i fizičkog vježbanja. Principi genske terapije i načini prenošenja gena su potpuno preuzeti iz genske terapije i koriste se za povećanje fizičkih sposobnosti sportista. Najčešći geni koji se koriste od strane sportista su: ACE gen, ACTN3 gen, miostatin, eritropoetin gen, PPAR-delta itd. Zloupotreba ovih gena u cilju povećanja fizičkih sposobnosti već se infiltrirala u oblasti sporta i veoma je teško otkriti je, jer su unijeti geni ili sekvence gena proteinske prirode i već postoje u organizmu. S druge strane, virusi kao vektori prenosa gena napadaju i uništavaju imuni sistem, reakcija organizma može biti negativna i postoji realna opasnost od insercione mutageneze i pojave onkogena. Realno, genska terapija bi mogla da bude mnogo korisnija u tretiranju sportskih povreda, ali su i ove procedure još uvijek daleko od kliničke prakse. Postoji jasna granica između terapije genima i genskog dopinga kod sportista. Porast određenih faktora će sigurno poboljšati oporavak, ali se dešava da naglašavanje ovih faktora povećava jačinu kostiju i tetiva, što takmičarima daje prednost. Kao prvo potrebno je što bolje upoznati sportiste sa negativnim posljedicama primjene genske terapije. Pobjeda i slava jesu jaki argumenti, ali zdravlje ovih mladih ljudi, poštovanje osnovnih moralnih i etičkih principa, humanost, "ferplej" igra imaju trajniju vrijednost i predstavljaju onaj teži teg na vagi.
Ključne riječi: transfer gena, geni kandidati, povećanje sportske sposobnosti.
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